"This pathbreaking study may well do for our understanding of charismatic religious leadership what William James’ classic study did for our understanding of the broader dimensions of religious experience as a whole."—Lawrence Foster, author of Religion and Sexuality
Description
New religious movements—or so-called “cults”—continue to attract and mystify us. While mainstream America views cults as an insidious mix of apocalyptic beliefs, science fiction, and paranoia, with new vehicles such as the World Wide Web, they are becoming even more influential as the millennium approaches.
Len Oakes—a former member of such a movement—explores the phenomenon of cult leaders. He examines the psychology of charisma and proposes his own theory of the five-stage life cycle of the two types of prophets: the messianic and charismatic.
Often characterized by isolation, autonomy, grandiosity, and manipulativeness, the cult leader, Oakes maintains, has a narcissistic personality. This individual possesses a heightened empathy, confidence, and memory, as well as autonomy and detachment—while appearing disquietingly normal most of the time.
The author has interviewed several leaders who, he feels, exemplify the charismatic personality. He also provides insight into the behavior and personality of many well-known cult leaders such as Jim Jones, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, L. Ron Hubbard, Werner Erhard, Kathryn Kuhlman, and J. H. Noyes.
For eleven years, Oakes was a member of a charismatic communal group, during which time he simultaneously undertook his research into the psychology of charisma. His results—informed by both insider and academic viewpoints—contradicts many current accepted beliefs about cult leaders and their followers.
Table of Contents
Foreword by Sarah Hamilton-Byrne
1. Introduction
2. Charisma
3. Stage One: Early Narcissism
4. Stage Two: Incubation
5. Stage Three: Awakening
6. Stage Four: Mission
7. The Followers and Their Quest
8. The Charismatic Moment
9. The Soul of the Prophet
10. Stage Five: Decline or Fall?
11. Conclusions
Appendixes
A. On Theory and Method
B. Leaders and Groups Studied
Works Cited
Index
About the Author
Len Oakes is a senior consultant psychologist with the Cairnmiller Institute of Melbourne, Australia. He has published widely on topics in communal studies, the psychology of religion, and on counseling issues associated with new religious movements. His previous book, Inside Centrepoint: The Story of a New Zealand Community, tells of an extraordinary communal experiment “down under.”
6 x 9, 262 pages
November 1997